To achieve universal compatibility with sensors in different frequency bands, the TPMs receiver must first build a multi-band RF architecture at the hardware level. This requires integrating a flexibly switchable RF module, rather than designing standalone circuits for a single frequency band. This module can cover the current mainstream tire pressure sensor frequency bands through hardware configuration or software instructions, and is paired with a wideband antenna. This wideband antenna optimizes impedance matching and radiation structure to ensure stable signal capture across different frequency bands, preventing the inability to receive signals from some sensors due to antennas only being compatible with specific frequency bands. This lays the hardware foundation for multi-band compatibility.
Automatic frequency band scanning and identification at the software level are key to achieving universal compatibility. Upon startup, the TPMs receiver scans the common tire pressure sensor frequency bands according to pre-set logic, detecting carriers in each band that match the sensor signal characteristics. During the scanning process, signal strength criteria are set to determine in-depth detection only on frequency bands where energy reaches the threshold, avoiding wasted resources in signal-free bands. Furthermore, scanning is repeated regularly. Even if sensors are replaced or added while the vehicle is in motion, the TPMS receiver can promptly detect signals in the new frequency bands without manual reconfiguration, ensuring real-time adaptation.
Adapting signal demodulation and decoding for different frequency bands is crucial for ensuring accurate data analysis. Sensors in different frequency bands may use different modulation schemes. The TPMS receiver must have multiple built-in demodulation algorithms that automatically match the corresponding demodulation mode based on frequency band characteristics, extracting tire pressure and temperature data from the high-frequency carrier. Furthermore, sensors from different manufacturers operating in the same frequency band may have different data frame formats and encoding rules. The TPMS receiver automatically identifies the data format by analyzing features such as the data frame header identifier and checksum rules. It then invokes the appropriate decoding logic to convert the raw signal into readable, valid information, avoiding data analysis failures caused by encoding discrepancies.
Dynamic frequency band switching and priority scheduling ensure a balanced compatibility and stability when multiple frequency band sensors operate simultaneously. When vehicle sensors operate in different frequency bands, the TPMs receiver monitors the transmission cycles of signals in each band in real time and uses time-division multiplexing to switch between receiving bands to prevent interference between signals. Furthermore, an algorithm prioritizes critical data (such as tire pressure warning signals). If an alarm is detected in a particular frequency band, the TPMs receiver temporarily prioritizes processing that band's data to ensure timely transmission. Normal operation resumes after the alarm is resolved, ensuring compatibility without compromising safety.
Adaptive gain adjustment in the RF front-end addresses reception challenges caused by varying signal attenuation across frequency bands. Radio waves in different frequency bands attenuate differently in the metal vehicle body. Using a fixed gain in the TPMs receiver could result in distorted signals in one frequency band being too strong, or signals in another being too weak to be recognized. Therefore, the TPMs receiver automatically adjusts the RF amplifier gain based on the actual signal strength of each frequency band. When the signal is weak, the gain is increased to enhance sensitivity, and when the signal is strong, the gain is reduced to avoid saturation. This ensures stable reception of signals across different frequency bands within the appropriate gain range, enhancing compatibility and reliability.
A built-in multi-protocol library and protocol self-learning capabilities further expand compatibility. The TPMS receiver pre-stores industry-standard protocols and proprietary protocols from major manufacturers. Sensors that comply with these protocols can be directly matched and parsed using the protocol library. For niche brands or new sensors, the TPMS receiver features self-learning capabilities: users can enter learning mode through a specific operation. During this time, the receiver records multiple data frames sent by the sensor. The receiver analyzes the frame structure, field distribution, and other characteristics to automatically generate a decoding template. This template can then be used to parse the sensor data, eliminating the need for pre-set protocols and significantly improving adaptation flexibility.
Compliance design and electromagnetic compatibility optimization are fundamental to ensuring multi-band adaptation is effective in real-world vehicle environments. The TPMS receiver hardware must comply with wireless communication regulations in different regions and rigorously calibrate the signal parameters for each frequency band to prevent signal interference caused by non-compliant frequency band usage. At the same time, in response to the complex electromagnetic environment inside the vehicle (such as interference from the engine and on-board electronic equipment), the TPMS receiver will add frequency-band-specific filtering components to the RF circuit, allowing only the target frequency band signals to pass through and filtering out interference signals from other frequency bands. This ensures that even in a strong interference environment, sensor signals from different frequency bands can be accurately identified, ultimately achieving stable universal compatibility.
