How does commercial vehicle tire pressure monitoring achieve real-time monitoring and wireless transmission of tire pressure, temperature, and battery status?
Publish Time: 2025-11-03
In modern highway transportation systems, commercial vehicles operate under high loads, long distances, and complex road conditions. As the only component in contact with the ground, the health of the tires directly affects driving safety, fuel efficiency, and operating costs. Statistics show that over 40% of commercial vehicle accidents are related to tire problems, with abnormal tire pressure being a major contributing factor. Therefore, commercial vehicle tire pressure monitoring has become a core component of intelligent safety features for commercial vehicles. The sensor installed on the valve stem is the information source for the entire system. It can collect tire pressure, temperature, and battery status in real time and transmit the data wirelessly to the receiving terminal in the driver's cab, providing the driver with accurate warnings.1. Multi-parameter integrated perception: The intelligent core of miniaturized sensorsThe valve stem-type TPMS sensor in commercial vehicles is a highly integrated miniature electronic unit, incorporating a piezoresistive pressure sensor, a high-precision NTC or digital temperature sensor, and a low-power battery monitoring circuit. When a tire is inflated, the internal air pressure acts on a pressure sensing chip, generating an electrical signal proportional to the pressure. Simultaneously, a temperature sensor monitors real-time temperature changes in the tire's internal gas or the wheel hub area—high temperatures often indicate excessive friction or an impending tire blowout risk. The battery monitoring module continuously monitors the voltage level of the internal lithium battery to determine the remaining charge. This data is collected every 10 to 30 seconds to ensure timely updates, especially when tire pressure drops rapidly, triggering an alarm within seconds.2. Wireless Radio Frequency Transmission: A Stable and Reliable "Air Channel"The collected data needs to be transmitted wirelessly through a complex environment characterized by high-speed tire rotation, metal wheel hub shielding, and severe electromagnetic interference. Therefore, TPMS sensors commonly employ UHF band radio frequency wireless communication technology. This band has strong penetration capabilities and a long transmission distance, capable of penetrating the wheel hub and vehicle body structure to stably transmit signals to the central receiver installed in the driver's cab. Some high-end systems also support dual-band or multi-antenna reception to further improve signal stability and avoid data loss due to changes in vehicle posture or signal obstruction.3. Intelligent Wake-up Mechanism: Key to Extending Battery LifeSince the sensors are sealed inside the tires, battery replacement is extremely inconvenient, making low-power design crucial. The system employs an intelligent operating mode combining motion activation and timed wake-up. When the vehicle is stationary, the sensor enters an ultra-low-power sleep state, maintaining only a basic heartbeat signal; once the vehicle starts and the tires begin to rotate, the built-in accelerometer immediately detects the motion, automatically waking the system to enter high-frequency monitoring mode. Data is transmitted at set intervals during driving, and automatically reduced frequency or put into sleep mode after stopping. This dynamic adjustment mechanism allows a single coin lithium battery to operate continuously for 5-7 years, meeting the long-term operational needs of commercial vehicles.4. Data Encoding and Automatic Positioning: Precise Matching of Each TireCommercial vehicles typically have more than 6 tires, sometimes up to 22. The system must accurately identify the data source of each sensor. Therefore, each TPMS sensor is assigned a unique ID code at the factory and bound to the vehicle's axle. The receiving host identifies the data source through the ID and displays the real-time pressure, temperature, and battery status of each tire on the dashboard or display screen. Some systems also support GPS linkage and integration with fleet management platforms for remote monitoring and data analysis.5. Alarm and Linkage: From Monitoring to Active ProtectionWhen a tire's pressure deviates from the set range or its temperature rises abnormally, the system immediately alerts the driver with an audible and visual alarm and marks the fault location on the screen. Some advanced systems can also connect to the vehicle's CAN bus, sending signals to the engine control unit or ADAS system to assist in speed limit reminders, automatic deceleration, or navigation to the nearest repair shop, forming an active safety closed loop.The commercial vehicle tire pressure monitoring system, through a highly integrated valve stem sensor, achieves real-time, all-weather, all-condition monitoring of tire pressure, temperature, and battery status. Utilizing stable and efficient wireless transmission technology, it accurately delivers critical data to the driver. This not only significantly improves driving safety and reduces the risk of tire blowouts but also helps fleets optimize tire management, extend tire life, and reduce fuel consumption and maintenance costs.
